Total Cholesterol
Introduction to Total Cholesterol Test Procedure:
The total cholesterol test, also known as a cholesterol panel or lipid profile, is a vital diagnostic tool used to assess an individual's cholesterol levels in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a fundamental component of cell membranes and plays a critical role in various physiological processes. However, imbalances in cholesterol levels, particularly high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, can significantly increase the risk of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions. Therefore, monitoring and maintaining healthy cholesterol levels is essential for overall health and well-being. The total cholesterol test procedure involves a simple blood test, typically performed in a clinical laboratory or healthcare facility. This test provides valuable information about the total amount of cholesterol present in the blood, including both LDL cholesterol (often referred to as "bad" cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ("good" cholesterol). It also calculates the ratio of these two types of cholesterol, which aids in assessing cardiovascular risk.
This document outlines the step-by-step procedure for conducting a total cholesterol test, from patient preparation to sample collection and analysis. Accurate and timely cholesterol testing is a crucial component of preventive healthcare, helping individuals and healthcare providers make informed decisions to reduce the risk of heart disease and maintain optimal cardiovascular health.
Definition: Total cholesterol refers to the sum of all cholesterol molecules present in the bloodstream. Cholesterol, a sterol-type compound, is widely distributed throughout various body tissues. It serves as a crucial constituent of cell membranes and acts as a precursor for the synthesis of other important steroid compounds within the body. However, an elevated concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood, which primarily transports cholesterol to various tissues, is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Classification: There are five (5) types of cholesterol
* T. Cholesterol
* HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
* LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
* VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein)
Principle of cholesterol :
Enzyme solution + serum (cholesterol) = color complex. Color intensity is measured by a colorimeter or semi-auto.
Reaction Principle: Cholesterol ester + H20- cholesterol + Fatty Acid
Cholesterol + 02- cholestene-3-one + H2O2
2H2O2 + 4-Aminophenazone + Phenol- Quinonimine + 4H2O
 |
| Total chelesterol |
Indication of T. Cholesterol:
* Coronary Heart disease
* Angina
* Obesity
* Diabetes
* MI (My cardiac Infraction)
* Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia
* Liver Disease
* Hypothyroidism
* Nephrotic syndrome
* Hypertension
Sample Collection Procedure:
· The Vials should be checked for appropriate kinds and for registration barcode or labeling in the Vial or glass Test Tube.
· Put the patient in a comfortable position with the arm properly supported.
· Apply a tourniquet upper the elbow joint
· Ask the patients to make a fist S.
· Think of four things when feeling for a vein bounce, direction of the vein, size of needle, and depth.
· They are cleaned with an area of 70%: ethanol and are allowed to dry in the air.
· Check the needle, especially the tip and check for any blockage by pressing the piston.
· Grasp the back of the forearm and make the overlying skin tight.
· The vein is penetrated by positioning the needle 15, a degree angle to have Red Hat.
· Draw and piston slowly.
· After blood has been drawn the patients should release the first and the tourniquet is also removed.
· Press the vein puncture area with the cotton with 70% alcohol as soon as the needle is removed. The patients may remove the cotton after 7-10 minutes.
· After removing the needle the collected blood is dispensed in the appropriate tubes.
· After vein puncture the needle should be removed from the syringe and disposed of by using a needle destroyer. Reagent Preparation: Reagent and standard are ready for use. Test Procedure: Sample 1000 ml Standard
Reagent Preparation:
The reagent and standard are ready for use.
Materials:
- Cotton
- 70% ethanol
- Tourniquet
- Gloves
- Marker Pen
- Test tube rack
- Disposable Syringe
- Gel tube / Yellow vial
- Stop Watch
- Calculator
- Colorimeter
- Semi-Auto analyzer
- Incubator
- Micropipette
Test Procedure of Total Cholesterol:
Blank Standard Sample
Reagent 1000 µl/1ml 1000 µl/1ml 1000 µl/1ml
Standard - 10 µl -
Sample - - 10 µl
DW 10 µl - -
Calculation: Cholesterol Concentration OD of sample/OD of standard * 200 mg/dl
Normal Range :
Up to 220 mg / dl or 5.7 mmol/L
Suspect = 220-260 mg/dl
Elevated => 260 mg/dl
Linearity: Up to 804 mg/dl
Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia: hypercholesterolemia refers to levels of cholesterol in the blood that are higher than normal. Elevated blood cholesterol up to 200 mg/dl is considered to be hypercholesterolemia.it is a form of hyperlipidemia.
Caution:
T. Cholesterol is an important test care must be taken when testing blood sugar to avoid hemorrhagic blood you have to do QC every day as well as run standard
Conclusion of Total Cholesterol Test Procedure:
In conclusion, the total cholesterol test procedure is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides essential insights into an individual's cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health. This test offers critical information about the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the ratio between them, helping to assess the risk of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions.
Throughout this procedure, we have outlined the key steps involved in conducting a total cholesterol test:
# Properly preparing the patient, which includes fasting for at least 9-12 hours, is crucial to obtaining accurate test results.
# A trained Medical technologist collects a blood sample, typically from a vein in the arm, using a sterile needle and syringe or vacutainer.
#The collected blood sample is processed in a clinical laboratory, where it undergoes centrifugation to separate the plasma or serum.
#Specialized laboratory equipment measures the levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in the serum or plasma sample.
#Analysis and Interpretation: The test results are analyzed, and the healthcare provider interprets the cholesterol levels in the context of the patient's overall health and risk factors.
#Recommendations: Based on the results, healthcare professionals can provide personalized recommendations for lifestyle changes, medication, or further testing to manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
#Monitoring: Regular cholesterol testing and monitoring are essential to track progress and ensure that interventions are effective in maintaining or improving cardiovascular health.
It is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to recognize the significance of cholesterol testing in preventing heart disease and promoting overall well-being. By following this procedure and actively managing cholesterol levels through lifestyle modifications and medical interventions when necessary, individuals can take proactive steps towards a healthier heart and a longer, more vibrant life. Regular consultation with Doctors is recommended to discuss test results, develop personalized plans for cholesterol management, and address any questions or concerns.
Reagent company name:
1 .TRADSWORTH LTD (Human GmbH, Germany)
2. GENETIC TRADING
3. MEDI-VISION LTD
4. BIO-TRADE INTERNATIONAL
5. BIO-MEDICAL LIMITED
6. MEDITECH
7. HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGIES
8. RAJANIGANDHA INTERNATIONAL
9. RANDOX
10.PLASMATEX
11. LEIZ SUPPLY AGENCY
12. ABC INTERNATIONAL
13. ROSE INTERNATIONAL
14. BIOZEN.
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