HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
HDL means High Density Lipoprotein it is an Alpha - lipoprotein in paper electrophoresis.
Introduction:
The High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) test is a crucial diagnostic tool in the realm of healthcare, specifically in the assessment of cardiovascular health and cholesterol management. HDL, often referred to as "good cholesterol," plays a vital role in maintaining overall well-being and is instrumental in reducing the risk of heart disease. Understanding the basics of the HDL test is essential for individuals and healthcare professionals alike.
The HDL test is a routine blood test that measures the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is present in every cell of the body and serves various critical functions. However, when cholesterol levels become imbalanced, it can lead to health problems, especially concerning the heart and blood vessels.
HDL cholesterol, often regarded as the "good" cholesterol, carries out a protective role by helping to remove excess cholesterol from the blood vessels and transporting it to the liver for disposal. High levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease, making this test a vital component of preventive healthcare and cardiovascular risk assessment.
Understanding the HDL test and its results can empower individuals to take proactive steps toward heart health, such as adopting lifestyle changes, making informed dietary choices, or following medical advice when necessary. In this guide, we will delve into the significance of HDL levels, what constitutes healthy levels, and factors that can influence HDL levels.
Composition:
* Protein: 50%
* Phospholipids: 28%
* Cholesterol: 20%
* Triglyceride: 2%
Origin:
1. Liver
2. Intestine
Function:
Transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver acts as a scavenger.
Clinical Importance:
1. Plasma HDL is increased in obstructive jaundice.
2. It decreases the risk of atherosclerosis.
** Why HDL is beneficial and LDL is harmful to our body?
HDL transports cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver. Thus it prevents the deposition of cholesterol in the arterial walls and thereby prevents formation of atherosclerosis. SoHDLis beneficial to our body orHDLis known as the protector from coronary heart disease.
On the other hand,
LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissue. LDL level causes increased deposition of cholesterol in the arterial walls resulting in atherosclerosis so LDL is harmful to our body.
Principle of HDL:
Indication of HDL:
* Coronary Heart disease
* Heart attacks
* Atherosclerosis
* Angina
* Obesity
* Diabetes
* MI (My cardiac Infraction)
* Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia
* Liver Disease
* Hypothyroidism
* Nephritic syndrome
* Hypertension
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| HDL Test |
Sample Collection Procedure:
- The Vials should be checked for appropriate kinds and for barcode or paper labeling
- Put the patient in a comfortable position with the arm properly supported.
- Apply a tourniquet above the elbow joint
- Ask the patients to make a fist S.
- Think of four things when feeling for a vein bounce, direction of the vein, size of the needle, and depth.
- Clean with an area of 70%: ethanol and allow to dry in the air.
- Check the needle, especially the tip, and check for any blockage by pressing the piston.
- Grasp the back of the forearm and make the overlying skin tight.
- The vein is penetrated by positioning the needle 15, a degree angle to have Red Hat.
- Draw and piston slowly.
- After blood has been drawn the patients should release the first and the tourniquet is also removed.
- Press the vein puncture area with the cotton with antiseptic as soon as the needle is removed. The patients may remove the cotton after 7-10 minutes.
- After removing the needle the collected blood is dispensed in the appropriate tubes.
- After vein puncture, the needle should be removed form the syringe and disposed of by using a needle destroyer. Reagent Preparation: Reagent and standard are ready for use. Test Procedure: Sample 1000 ml Standard
Reagent Preparation:
The reagent and standard are ready for use.
Working Preparation: Precipitant reagent 500 µl + Patient sample 200 µl
Then mix well and room temperature for 10 minutes wait then high speed 10 minute centrifuge after deferent the superannuated fluid made the fluid.
Analyzer Parameter:
Wavelength / Filter: 505 nm, 546 nm
Method: End Point
Cuvette : 1cm light path
Reaction Direction: 30 minutes
Bank: Distilled Water/Reagent
Reagent Volume: 1000 µl/1ml
Sample Volume (ul):10ml
Normal Low (mg/dl):140mg/dl
Normal High (mg/dl):220mg/dl
Linearity Low (mg/dl):10mg/dl
Linearity High (mg/dl):750 mg/dl
Units: mg/dl
Temperature: 37 'c
Instruments:
- Cotton
- Hexaso
- Tourniquet
- Gloves
- Marker Pen
- Test tube rack
- Disposable Syringe
- Gel tube / Yellow vial
- Stop Watch
- Calculator
- Colorimeter
- Semi-Auto analyzer
- Incubator
- Micropipette
Test Procedure:
Blank Standard Sample
Cholesterol Reagent 1000µl/1ml 1000µl/1ml 1000µl/1ml
Standard - 100 micro l -
Sample - - 100 micro l
DW 100 micro l - -
Mix well in 10 minutes at room temperature or 5 minutes at 37 * c incubator then read the absorbance (OD) of the sample and standard against the reagent blank
Calculation : HDL of Concentration=OD of Sample/OD of Standard*50
Normal Value :
Up to 65 mg/dl
Suspect = 18mg/dl
Elevated = 10mg/dl
Caution:
blood sugar is an important test be care must be taken when testing blood sugar to avoid hemorrhagic blood you have to do QC every day as well as run standard
Reagent company name:
1.TRADSWORTH LTD (Human GmbH, Germany)
2. GENETIC TRADING
3. MEDI-VISION LTD
4. BIO-TRADE INTERNATIONAL
5. BIO-MEDICAL LIMITED
6. MEDITECH
7. HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGIES
8. RAJANIGANDHA INTERNATIONAL
9. RANDOX
10.PLASMATEX
11. LEIZ SUPPLY AGENCY
12. ABC INTERNATIONAL
13. ROSE INTERNATIONAL
14. BIOZEN.
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