Compound Microscope

by NahidMedical Technology Blogs -

Compound Microscope

Definition: A microscope is a magnifying instrument, capable of producing large and clear images of minute objects is called a microscope.

Classification of Microscope:

1. Simple microscope: It uses plant cells seen in the microscope.

2. Compound microscope: It uses bacteria, viruses (except pox virus), protozoa, helminths, fungi, urine sediment, stool sediment, csf analysis, sputum analysis, semen analysis, blood cells, and tissue finding view. compound microscope common use laboratory diagnostic.

There are many types of compound microscopes -

    * Bright field microscope

    * Drak field microscope

    * Phase contrast microscope

    * Polarizing  microscope

    * Fluorescence microscope

3. Electron microscope: It's used for viruses including compound microscope view.

Microscope Objective
Compound microscope :

Parts of the compound microscope:

A. The support system: It consists of-

   * Base

   * Pillars

   * Arm

   * Body tube

   * Mechanical stage: -Scrip, screw of up-down adjustment, screw of light left adjustment, slide

     holder and movement controls.

   * Revolving nose piece.

B. The focusing system: It consists of-

   * Coarse adjustment screw

   * Fine adjustment screw

C. The optical parts: It consists of-

    * Eyepieces: may be monocular with single eyepieces, binocular with two         eyepieces and      

            Multicolor with another eyepiece.

    * Objective lenses: There are four objectives

         #  4X (Scanner)

         # 10X   (low   power objective)

         # 40X (high power objective)

         # 100X (high power objective)

     * Source of light.

     * Mirror.

    * Condenser.

    * Iris diaphragm.

    * Filter.

Compound Microscope

Description  of parts on the microscope:

Base: It is a heavy metallic, U- or horseshoe-shaped base or foot, which supports the microscope on the work table to provide maximum stability.

Pillars: Two upright pillars project up from the base and are attached to the handle.

Handle (arm or limb): It is curved and projects up from the hinge joint.

Body tube: It is fitted at the upper end of the handle, either vertically or at an angle. Light passes through the body tube to the eyepiece, thus conducting the image to the eye of the observer.

The stage: It has two components:

1. Fixed stage: It is a square platform with an aperture in its center, and fitted to the limb below the objective lenses. The slide is placed on it and centered over the aperture for viewing.

2. mechanical stage: it is a calibrated meter frame fitted on the right edge of the fixed stage, there are slide holders, spring arms, and movement control. The slide on the stage can be moved from side to side and forwards and backward.

3. Coarse and fine adjustment screws: These are provided on either side of the top of the handle. The coarse adjustment knob has two bigger screws, the movement of which moves the body tube with its lenses to focus the object. The fine adjustment knob has two smaller screws, by which finer adjustment is made for accurate focusing

4. Eyepiece: It fits into the top of the body tube. It is made up of two lenses, upper eye lens and lower field lens

5. Nosepiece: It is fitted at the lower end of the body tube and has two parts: fixed nosepiece and revolving

6. Objectives (Objective lenses): Three objectives of varying magnifying powers are usually provided with a nosepiece. the student microscope. Magnifying power 10x Magnification 7x and 16x magnification. Low power 10x High power 40x oil immersion lance 100x

7. Source of Light: The light source may be outside the microscope or within the microscope. * External light source may be natural daylight (sunlight).

* Electric light is provided by a lamp built into the microscope beneath the stage. An external lamp can also be used.

8. The mirror: A double-sided mirror, one side is plane, and the other side is concave. It is fitted below the condenser and can be rotated in all directions. The plane surface of the mirror is used with a distant source of light (natural, or daylight). The concave surface of the mirror is employed when the light source is near the microscope.

9. Condenser: It is situated between the mirror and the stage, it can be raised or lowered by a rack and pinion. The function of the condenser is to bring the rays of light to a common focus on the object to be examined.

10. Iris diaphragm: It is fitted within the condenser. It is used to reduce or increase the amount of light falling on the material under study.

11. Filters: In some microscopes, these are fitted below the condenser

Care and Maintenance of Microscope:

Daily cleaning:

1. Any dust and dirt from the stage, focusing knobs, and other surfaces of the microscope should be wiped with a clean cloth. A small soft brush can be used to clean less accessible places, e.g. revolving nose pieces.

2. The surface lenses of the dry objective (10x,40x), the upper lenses of the eyepieces, condenser lens, and illuminator lens should be cleaned by lens tissue or a separate piece of clean cotton cloth or cot bud. A dry cloth is used to dry the lens.

Care when using the microscope:

1. Use the iris lever, focusing controls, or mechanical stage with care.

 2. Make sure that the surface of the stage and the underside of the specimen are dry and clean before inserting the specimen in the slide holder.

 3. Use non-drying immersion oil when possible. Thick yellow cedar wood oil should be avoided.

4. Clean all the previous oil from the objective lens, when changing to new oil.

 5. Protect the eyepieces not in use by placing them in a closed container.

 Care at the end of the day's microscopy:

1. Switch off the microscope, and remove the plug from the mains socket.

2. Wipe the immersion oil from the 100X  objective using a piece of soft tissue or a soft piece of clean cotton cloth. If any oil is difficult to remove, a cloth dampened with a small amount of xylene can be used. Then the lens is dried immediately.

3. The stage of the microscope e is to be decontaminated using a cloth dampened with 70% ethanol. Then the surface is dried.

4. The microscope is kept in a cupboard covering with its dust cover. Two hands should be used to carry the microscope (to hold the handle and to support the base).

Youtube Link:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdBE_KwCIy06iGMAaTIsvcg

FAQs about Microscopes: 

What is a microscope?

A microscope is an instrument used to examine objects by producing enlarged images that reveal details that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopes are used across a range of scientific fields. There are many different types of microscopes, each suited for different uses. 

What are the uses of a microscope?

The high-performance, high-quality microscopes that Evident provides are applicable to a range of uses, including education, training, laboratory work, and leading-edge research in the life science fields, such as pathology and cytology. To find a microscope that best suits your needs, explore our guide to choosing the right microscope.

What are the different parts of a microscope?

There are 11 key parts that make up a standard microscope. These are the eyepiece lens, tube, arm, base, illuminator, stage, revolving nose piece or turret, objective lenses, rack stop, condenser lens, and diaphragm or iris. All are vital components for detailed inspection and analysis. To learn more about the parts comprising a microscope, explore our Anatomy of a Microscope page.


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