Dengue Virus
Definition: Dengue is a mosquito bone infection which is caused by dengue virus.
Dengue Fever Definition: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus, primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, severe joint and muscle pain, rash, headache, and bleeding tendencies, and it can range from a mild illness to a severe, life-threatening condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Classification: There are two types
1. Hemorrhagic Dengue: It is a much more severe disease than classical dengue fever, with a fatality rate that approaches 10%.
2. Classical Dengue: There are four types
· Dengue-1
· Dengue-2
· Dengue-3 and
· Dengue-4
Incubation Period: 2-7 days.
Important Characteristics of the dengue virus :
· RNA to Virus
· Enveloped to Virus
· 4 serological type Den-1, Den-2, Den-3, Den-4
· Humans are the reservoir
· Cytoplasmic replication
· Female Aedes aegypti mosquito sink bite transmits the disease
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| Dengue Fever |
Mode of Transmission: Female Aedes aegypti mosquito transmits the disease.
Laboratory findings :
1. Hypoproteinaemia
2. Thrombocytopenia
3. Increased bleeding time
4. Increased prothrombin time
Aedes Mosquito:
Lab diagnosis of dengue virus :
Principle: Dengue fever is practically diagnosed by serological tests for antigens and antibodies. a routine blood test is helpful. NA-based techniques are used in special cases,
Specimen Collection: Blood
Isolation or Culture: By blood culture
· Acute phase protein
· The Plasma
Serological Test :
· Antibody detection
* ELISA
* ICT
* Western blot
* CFT
* RIA
* Ig M, Ig G Dengue Device
· Antigen detection
* NS1
* Fluorescence microscope in tissue
* EIA in blood and plasma
Biochemical Test: Not needed.
Routine blood test :
· Platelet count-thrombocytopenia
· Hematocrit -Increased
· Prothrombin time-increased
· Hb% - Normal
· ESR- Normal
· PBF-Thrombocytopenia with anemia normocytic normochromic.
Virological test: PCR (Polymerase chain reaction).
Prevention of Dengue Fever:
1. Vector Control:
Eliminate Breeding Sites: Encourage community efforts to remove stagnant water containers, as these serve as breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes.
Insecticides: Use approved insecticides to treat potential breeding areas and indoor spaces.
Mosquito Nets and Screens: Encourage the use of bed nets and window screens to reduce mosquito exposure.
2. Personal Protection: Use Mosquito Repellents: Apply insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or other approved ingredients to the exposed skin.
Wear Protective Clothing: Long-sleeved clothing and pants can help prevent mosquito bites.
Avoid Peak Mosquito Activity: Aedes mosquitoes are most active during dawn and dusk, so minimize outdoor activities during these times.
3. Public Awareness: Conduct public education campaigns to raise awareness about dengue prevention, symptoms, and the importance of seeking medical care.
