Uric Acid
Uric acid is a chemical compound that is produced as a waste product when the body breaks down purines, which are substances found in certain foods and also naturally occurring in the body's cells. Purines are found in various foods, including red meat, organ meats (such as liver and kidney), seafood, and some alcoholic beverages. Uric acid is typically dissolved in the blood and then excreted from the body through urine.
In gout, there are often, but not invariably, elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia. Nevertheless, only a minority of individuals with hyperuricemia will go on to develop gout.
Principle of Uric Acid: Uricase Enzyme and Chemical Changes Uric acid is determined by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with catalysis 3.5 dichloro-2-hydroxy benzene sulfonic acid and 4 aminophenazone under the influence of peroxidase reaction the uric acid acts as an indicator to produce by red-violet quinonimine.
Chemical Reaction:
Uric Acid + O2 + 2H2O = Allantoin + CO2 + H2O2
2H2O2 + DCHBS + PAP = Quinoneimine + HCL + 4H2O
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| Uric Acid Test |
Uric Acid Test:
A gout is a form of arthritis caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals within the joints.. It typically presents with sudden and severe attacks of pain, redness, swelling, and warmth in one or more joints, most commonly the big toe. These painful episodes, or "gout flares," can occur suddenly and often at night. The main indication of gout is the presence of these characteristic symptoms, which may last for a few days to a few weeks if left untreated.
Here are the key indications and symptoms of gout: Sudden and Intense Joint Pain: Gout attacks usually start abruptly and are characterized by severe joint pain. The pain is often described as throbbing, burning, or excruciating. It typically affects a single joint, with the big toe joint being the most commonly affected. Other joints that can be involved include the ankle, knee, wrist, and fingers.
Swelling and Redness: The affected joint becomes swollen, red, and warm to the touch due to inflammation.
Limited Range of Motion: During a gout attack, it can be challenging to move the affected joint due to pain and swelling.
Tophi Formation: Over time, if gout is left untreated or poorly managed, uric acid crystals can accumulate under the skin, forming small, white, chalky lumps called tophi. These tophi can develop in the joints, cartilage, and soft tissues.
Recurrent Attacks: Gout is often characterized by recurrent episodes of acute pain and inflammation. The frequency and severity of attacks can vary from person to person.
Sample Collection Procedure:
- The Vials should be checked for appropriate kinds and for barcode labeling paper-d'Or
- Put the patient in a comfortable position with the arm properly supported.
- Apply a tourniquet above the elbow joint
- Ask the patients to make a fist S.
- Think of four things when feeling for a vein bounce, direction of the vein, size of the needle, and depth.
- They are cleaned with an area of 70%: ethanol and are allowed to dry in the air.
- Check the needle, especially the tip, and check for any blockage by pressing the piston.
- Grasp the back of the forearm and make the overlying skin tight.
- The vein is penetrated by positioning the needle 15, a degree angle to have Red Hat.
- Draw and piston slowly.
- After blood has been drawn the patients should release the first and the tourniquet is also removed.
- Press the vein puncture area with the cotton with antiseptic as soon as the needle is removed. The patients may remove the cotton after 7-10 minutes.
- After removing the needle the collected blood is dispensed in the appropriate tubes.
- After vein puncture the needle should be removed from the syringe and disposed of by using a needle destroyer.
Methods of Uric Acid Estimation: Endpoint
Reagent Preparation: All reagents are ready for use.
Stability of working reagent: From 2-8 degrees Celsius temperature express date.
Reagents required:
* Reagent
* Standard solution
Concentration Of standard: 8.0 mg/dl
Analyzer Parameter:
Wavelength / Filter: 545 nm (For Analyzer), 530 nm (For Colorimeter) Method: End Point
Curette: 1cm light path
Reaction Direction: 10 minutes
Bank: Distilled Water
Reagent Volume: 1000 microliters
Sample Volume (ul): 20 microliters
Normal Low (mg/dl) : 3.4
Normal High (mg/dl) : 7.0
Linearity Low (mg/dl): 1.0
Linearity High (mg/dl): 20
Units: mg/dl
Test Procedure:
Blank Standard Sample
Reagent 1 ml 1ml 1ml
Standard - 20 microliter -
Sample - - 20 microliter
Mix well and incubate for 10 minutes at room temperature or 5 minutes at 37 * c then read the absorbance (OD) of the sample and standard against the reagent blank
Calculation and curve:
Concentration of sample = OD of Test / OD of standard * concentration of standard (8.0 mg/dl)
Normal Value:
Men: 3.4-7.0 mg / dl
Female: 2.4-5.7 mg / dl
Image gallery Materials:
Cotton, Hexaso, Tourniquet, Gloves, Marker Pen, Test tube rack, Disposable Syringe,
Gel tube / Yellow vial, stopwatch, Calculator, Colorimeter, Semi-Auto analyzer,
Incubator,Micropipette
Important:
Uric acid is a waste product that is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are natural substances found in certain foods and the body's cells. While uric acid is typically considered a waste product, it does have some important functions and implications in the body:
Antioxidant Properties: Uric acid acts as an antioxidant in the body, helping to neutralize and remove harmful free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and DNA, contributing to oxidative stress and various diseases.
Protection Against Neurological Diseases: Some studies have suggested that uric acid may have a protective role in the brain. Higher levels of uric acid have been associated with a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Immune System Function: Uric acid can also play a role in immune system function. It has been shown to stimulate the immune response in certain situations, potentially helping the body fight off infections.
Renal Function: Uric acid is filtered by the kidneys and excreted from the body through urine. Monitoring uric acid levels can provide insight into kidney function. Elevated uric acid levels can sometimes indicate kidney dysfunction.
Gout and Uric Acid Crystals: On the flip side, high levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints and tissues, causing gout, a painful form of arthritis. While gout itself is a painful condition, it can also be an indicator of underlying health issues related to diet, genetics, or kidney function.
Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health: Elevated uric acid levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Monitoring uric acid levels can be part of assessing overall metabolic health.
Dietary Considerations: Understanding uric acid levels can be important for individuals who are prone to conditions like gout. Dietary choices, such as limiting the consumption of purine-rich foods (e.g., red meat, organ meats, seafood) and alcohol, can help manage uric acid levels.
It's important to note that while uric acid serves several functions in the body, maintaining a balance is key. Elevated uric acid levels can lead to health problems, such as gout and kidney stones. Conversely, excessively low uric acid levels can also be problematic and may indicate certain medical conditions.
Caution:
Uric acid is an important test to be taken care of when testing blood sugar to avoid hemorrhagic blood and you have to do QC every day as well as run standard
Reagent company name:
1. Tradsworth Ltd (Human Gmbh, Germany)
2. Genetic Trading
3. Medi-Vision Ltd
4. Bio-Trade International
5. Bio-Medical Limited
6. Meditech
7. Health Care Technologies
8. Rajanigandha International
9. Randox
10. Plasmatex
11. Leiz Supply Agency
12. Abc International
13. Rose International
14. Biozen.
